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Creating Usable JVM Languages: An Overview

Java Virtual Machine (JVM), the powerful virtual machine behind programming languages like Java and Scala, provides a platform-independent environment for executing compiled bytecode. Programming languages built for the JVM can be used to write programs that can run on a wide range of platforms without modification and can even leverage all the libraries and frameworks that exist for the JVM.

In this article, Toptal engineer Federico Tomassetti presents an overview of the strategy and various tools involved in creating our very own programming language for the JVM.

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Federico Tomassetti

Federico Tomassetti

Federico has worked for TripAdvisor and Groupon. He has a PhD in software engineering and works in Java, Ruby, Python, Scala, and Haskell.

WSGI: The Server-Application Interface for Python

Nowadays, almost all Python frameworks use WSGI as a means, if not the only means, to communicate with their web servers. This is how Django, Flask, and many other popular frameworks do it.

This article intends to provide readers with a glimpse into how WSGI works and allow them to build a simple WSGI application or server.

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Leandro Lima

Leandro Lima

Leandro has 15+ years in IT/development. Working with Python since 2013, he loves building efficient and cost-effective systems.

True Dependency Injection with Symfony Components

The Dependency Injection Container in Symfony2 allows components to be injected with their dependencies, and is often used as a Service Locator, which when combined with the DI-container pattern is considered to be an anti-pattern by many.

In this article, Toptal engineer Vasilii Lapin shows us how you can build a simple Symfony2 application using the DI-container, but without implementing the Service Locator pattern.

11 minute readContinue Reading
Vasilii Lapin

Vasilii Lapin

Vasilii has worked as a web architect and PHP back-end developer, specializing in NIX administration, and high-load, large scale projects.

Context Validation in Domain-Driven Design

Handling all validation in domain objects results in objects that are huge and complex to work with. In domain-driven design, using decoupled validator components allows your code to be much more reusable and enables validation rules to rapidly grow.

In this article, Toptal engineer Josip Medic shows us how validation can be decoupled from domain objects, made context-specific, and structured well to achieve more sustainable validation code.

10 minute readContinue Reading
Josip Medic

Josip Medic

Josip is devoted to writing bug-free, maintainable, and scalable code, and is constantly educating himself about new technologies.

Commoditized Smartphones: Bringing 4G To Developing Countries

Are we really going to need $500 phones to get people in developing countries on 3G or 4G? Not really.

Welcome to the world of commoditised smartphones. Allow us to explain what’s going on and why it could have a significant impact on software and hardware industries.

11 minute readContinue Reading
Nermin Hajdarbegovic

Nermin Hajdarbegovic

As a veteran tech writer, Nermin helped create online publications covering everything from the semiconductor industry to cryptocurrency.

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Grape Gem Tutorial: How To Build A REST-Like API In Ruby

In this tutorial, Toptal Engineer Orban Botond demonstrates how to use the Grape gem – a REST-like API micro-framework for Ruby – to build backend support in Rails for a JSON API. Grape is designed to run as a mountable rack engine that complements your web applications without interfering with them.

15 minute readContinue Reading
Botond Orban

Botond Orban

Botond is a skilled developer who enjoys writing readable code. He learnt to program at 13 on a ZX Spectrum-compatible Russian PC.

What's New in ES6? Perspective of a CoffeeScript Convert

CoffeeScript allows developers to make the most out of JavaScript-based platforms without having to jump through its awkward language hoops. However, with the introduction of ES6 features into major JavaScript engines, plain JavaScript is now nearly as friendly and powerful out-of-the-box as CoffeeScript.

In this article, Toptal engineer William Coates shares his findings on ES6 from the perspective of a CoffeeScript convert.

8 minute readContinue Reading
William Coates

William Coates

A full-stack developer and entrepreneur with 15+ years of experience, William (MSc) loves to keep up-to-date with the latest web tech.

Toptal Engineering Expert

Gabriel Courtemanche

Gabriel is a highly efficient and reliable professional who possesses a broad skill set for web application development. He's been working on a range of products and clients—from working on scalability problems in production engineering teams at Shopify and Autodesk to launching new applications for startups. Most of his work consists of leading technical teams, by creating an easy development environment, fixing technical debts, providing best practices code examples, and mentoring devs.
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