Back-end

When you hear the word “linter,” you probably think about particular widely used tools. But there’s a different kind of linters. In this article, Toptal Back-end Architect Robert Pankowecki introduces you to linters implemented by Ruby libraries and details their capabilities.

The concise syntax of Scala usually helps developers avoid writing boilerplate. When repetitive code is required anyway, developers can use macros and quasiquotes to keep code clean and maintainable. Here's how.

As microservices architecture continues to evolve, interservice communication has become a significant challenge to manage. Service meshes are becoming the standard solution, but how do popular and up-and-coming service meshes compare?

The Express.js REST API journey continues! Move from models to full DAOs and DTOs, validate requests with middleware, separate services from controllers, and prepare for a real database.

Extracting functional components from a monolithic app into a service can be a daunting task but choosing the right tools and techniques for the job can expedite the process. In this article, Toptal Back-end Engineer Maciek Rzasa recounts how his team extracted billing functionality from the Toptal platform and how they overcame a series of performance issues.

Time and date manipulation is notoriously difficult. Developers encountering time zone rules, leap seconds, differences in locale-specific formatting are wise to resort to popular time and date manipulation libraries. But without thinking about how exactly they work, it's still easy to create all sorts of obscure bugs.

Git provides basic branching operations, but advanced patterns are left up to the user. The popular "Git flow" branching model helps, but can also complicate some common procedures. Thankfully, a new variation retains the benefits, while streamlining everyday work.

Learn practical TypeScript patterns with interfaces and extended classes. Avoid messy console.log() statements with Winston and the Node.js debug module. Create an Express.js-powered REST API back end from scratch!