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Toptal Engineering Blog
The Toptal Engineering Blog is a hub for in-depth development tutorials and new technology announcements created by professional software engineers in the Toptal network.
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Virtual Reality in the Automotive Industry
From virtual showrooms to elaborate research and testing scenarios, virtual reality is starting to make its mark on the automotive industry. It can be used to educate novice drivers, train professionals operating industrial equipment, or test vehicles and drivers in extreme conditions.
In this article, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Daan Terra shares his experiences in the field of automotive simulations, explaining how VR can fundamentally change the way cars are marketed, tested, and developed.

Daan Terra
Daan is experienced in the development of large and complex products. His strongest knowledge and experience is in Java, Android, and C#.
3D Graphics: A WebGL Tutorial
Whether you just want to create an interactive 3D logo, on the screen or design a fully fledged game, knowing the principles of 3D graphics rendering will help you achieve your goal.
In this article, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Adnan Ademovic gives us a step-by-step tutorial to rendering objects with textures and lighting, by breaking down abstract concepts like objects, lights, and cameras into simple WebGL procedures.

Adnan Ademovic
Adnan has experience in desktop, embedded, and distributed systems. He has worked extensively in C++, Python, and in other languages.
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Eight Rules for Effective Software Production
While working at different stages of the software development lifecycle you often realize that software production isn’t easy. It takes consistent effort to make something great. However, it doesn’t have to come at the cost of working through nights or weekends.
In this article, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Timofey Nevolin shares eight simple, yet powerful rules for effective software production.

Tim Nevolin
Timofey is a software architect and developer with a proven ability to develop efficient, scalable, and fault-tolerant server solutions.
Server-side I/O Performance: Node vs. PHP vs. Java vs. Go
Understanding the Input/Output (I/O) model of your application can mean the difference between an application that deals with the load it is subjected to, and one that crumples in the face of real-world uses cases. Perhaps while your application is small and does not serve high loads, it may matter far less. But as your application’s traffic load increases, working with the wrong I/O model can get you into a world of hurt.

Brad Peabody
With almost two decades of business software development, Brad’s led web teams, been a Linux sysadmin, and developed a storefront in Go.
How to Create Custom Magento 2 Widgets
Widgets play a pivotal role in Magento development, as they’re often used to display targeted content and provide crucial front-end functionality. Magento 2 offers a lot of widget possibilities out of the box, and also allows developers to unlock more features using custom widgets.
In this article, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Vivek Khatri provides an overview of widget implementation in Magento 2, starting with the basics and culminating in custom widget design.

Vivek Khatri
Vivek is a Magento certified developer with over 6 years of experience. He focuses on the business needs of clients when creating solutions.
How C++ Works: Understanding Compilation
Compilation and linking are two fundamental processes during C++ development. But how exactly do they work? Discover how C++ compilers operate, including basic language constructs and common mistakes to avoid.

Daniel Munoz
Daniel is a data structures developer with more than 10 years of experience in C++. He has worked on high-performance applications in C++ for large companies such as Meta, Dreamworks, and Motorola; he also has experience at Amazon using Ruby. Daniel specializes in C-family and assembly languages.
Aurelia vs. Angular 2 — A Code Comparison
Angular and Aurelia are fierce competitors developed and released at approximately the same time. They have a similar philosophy, but they differ in a number of key ways. This article does side-by-side comparisons of those differences in features and code.

Alexander Mikhalchenko
Alexander is the full-stack developer you bring in to rescue a project with tight schedules. Usually, he prefers less extreme development.
Building Cross-platform Apps with Xamarin: Perspective of an Android Developer
Writing reusable code that can be shared across multiple platforms can make developing mobile applications a lot easier. But, how do you do that without paying the usual cost of maintainability, ease of testing, and poor user experience that comes with cross-platform mobile application development?
In this article, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Emran Bajrami walks us through Xamarin and shows us techniques for building high-quality cross-platform apps.

Emran Bajrami
Emran is a results-driven, articulate, and analytical Android and Java engineer who can think outside the box.
SQL Server 2016 Always Encrypted: Easy to Implement, Tough to Crack
Security has always been a primary concern for database experts, and with the advent of new, decentralized services, it’s become even more crucial. Microsoft addressed the need for an added level of security in SQL with the introduction of Always Encrypted functionality in SQL Server 2016.
In this blog post, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Josip Saban explains how Microsoft’s Always Encrypted concept works, how it’s implemented, and why developers can’t afford to ignore it.

Josip Šaban
With two Master’s degrees and having worked for the largest Slovenian enterprises, Josip is a veteran of Microsoft business/database tech.
A Guide to Consistent Hashing
Consistent Hashing is a distributed hashing scheme that operates independently of the number of servers or objects in a distributed hash table. It powers many high-traffic dynamic websites and web applications.
In this tutorial, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Juan Pablo Carzolio will walk us through what it is and how hashing, distributed hashing and consistent hashing work.

Juan Pablo Carzolio
Juan is a versatile full-stack engineer with 10+ years of experience and a computer science degree. He is proficient in several languages.
Make Your CSS Dynamic With CSS Custom Properties
If there is something every front-end developer wants, it is proper support for variables in CSS. For years, to work around this missing feature, developers have resorted to CSS preprocessors. However, all that changes with the introduction of CSS custom properties.
In this article, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Nicolás J. Engler walks us through CSS custom properties and shows us how they can be used to make better, more dynamic stylesheets.

Nicolás J. Engler
Nicolás is a product designer with a proven background creating and developing both physical and digital experiences.
A Guide to Security Best Practices for Remote Teams
Learn how, with the right remote worker security policy, distributed teams can be just as secure as in-house teams.
Toptal Freelance Software Engineer and full-time remote worker Amin Shah Gilani walks us through common security attack methods, cyber defense strategies, and, finally, an example of a good remote worker security policy.

Amin Shah Gilani
Amin is a developer and entrepreneur who loves writing clean, test-driven Ruby and ES6 code—crafted for CI/CD.
How to Internationalize Your AngularJS App
Internationalizing modern apps, where the front-end and the back-end are distinctly separate from one another, can be a little tricky. AngularJS, with the help of a few tools, makes internationalizing your app a breeze.
In this article, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Mehmet Bajin gives us a step-by-step tutorial to internationalizing and localizing AngularJS apps.

Mehmet Bajin
With experience at Google and Exxon, along with a Master’s in Computer Science, Mehmet brings a strong technical foundation and real-world engineering depth to his work. His background enables him to excel as a full-stack JavaScript developer, delivering scalable, high-quality solutions across the stack.
Top 10 Mistakes That Django Developers Make
In this tutorial, we will look at some common mistakes that are often made by Django experts and ways to avoid them. This tutorial is useful even if you’re a skilled Django developer because these mistakes aren’t just limited to new developers taking their first stab at Django.

Alexandr Shurigin
Alexandr loves to create and build expert applications from scratch. He excels at solving problems using Python, PHP, and JavaScript. Passionate about delivering fast, user-friendly applications, Alexandr prioritizes meeting clients’ business needs.
PhalconPHP: A Solution for High-load RESTful APIs
PhalconPHP will make your high-load application fast and easy, it’s one of the fastest MVC frameworks for PHP available. It’s written in C and supplied as a compiled PHP extension, so it doesn’t need to be interpreted at every request. Consider PhalconPHP for your next project, you won’t regret it.

Andrew Belousoff
Andrew (MCS) has done both desktop and full-stack development since 2010, focusing on PHP, JS, CSS, and C++, plus databases and CMSes.
The Salesforce Release Train: A Practical Approach to Release Management
Deploying new features with Salesforce can be problematic in more ways than one. It is crucial to have a sound strategy governing the publication of new releases, without running the risk of breaking your product.
In this post, Toptal Software Engineer Ajinkya Deshmukh will provide you with all relevant information and key tips that will allow you to manage your next Salesforce release smoothly.

Ajinkya Deshmukh
Ajinkya is a senior Salesforce developer and architect. He is skilled at advanced Apex programming, Visualforce, and Lightning development.
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