The Power of 3-statement Modeling: Best Practices for Valuations and Projections
To value or build projections for a company accurately, you have to factor in working capital—and you can’t do that without investing in a three-statement financial model.

Abdullah Karayumak, CFA
Forensic Accounting: Due Diligence’s Secret Weapon
More than just a way to investigate financial crimes, forensic accounting is the most in-depth form of due diligence and compliance. But smaller firms often overlook its value. Here’s why that’s risky.

Ryan Zanoni
Why Tesla? Evaluating the Electric Craze
Tesla shares are up 60% over the past 12 months—performing relatively well even with the impacts of the coronavirus on the broader stock market (S&P 500 down ~11% over the same period). We dissect the drivers and unpack what the market is building into TSLA’s valuation.

Zachary Elfman
Unwrapping the Mysteries of Brand Valuation
Brand value is the value a business can sell an item above the price that the supply/demand curve dictates. This value is embedded into the company’s share price but can be uncovered using PEG analysis.

Greg Barasia, CFA
Valuation Ratios: The Key Metrics Finance Experts Need to Know
Not sure when to use which valuation ratio for which situation? In this article, we’ll delve into the must-know metrics and provide heuristics of when to use which measure.

Elizabeth J. Howell Hanano, CFA
What’s a Startup Worth? Guidelines and Best Practices
How do you value a startup or a scaleup? This is a question that plagues both founders and investors. Arriving at a figure all parties can agree upon is not very straightforward: ultimately, valuation is more of an art than a science.
Natasha Ketabchi
Equity Levels of Value: The Logic Behind Premiums and Discounts
Business value is much more than just the sum of discounted future cash flows. There are strategic elements related to equity control that also determine true worth. These factors manifest through control, liquidity, marketability, and synergistic discounts and premiums.

Nathan Krishnan S
Looking at Failed IPOs in the Age of the Unicorn
For many years, the IPO market appeared dormant. 2019, however, is bucking the trend with a large number of high-profile tech companies going live on stock exchanges. Not all of these IPOs have been successes. What is the process and what determines success (or lack thereof)?
Natasha Ketabchi
Digital Companies and the Valuation of Intangible Assets
The move to a digital economy has coincided with a higher proportion of enterprise value - 84% of the S&P 500 - being derived from intangible assets, such as patents and software. Yet, accounting rules have not caught up with this shift and current disclosure practices can paint an incomplete picture for investors.

Surya Krishnan
World-class articles, delivered weekly.
Toptal Finance Experts
- Blockchain Consultants
- Business Management Consultants
- Business Plan Consultants
- Business Process Optimization Consultants
- Certified Public Accountants (CPA)
- Cost Transformation Consultants
- Economic Development Consultants
- Equity Research Analysts
- Excel Experts
- Financial Benchmarking Consultants
- Financial Forecasting Experts
- Financial Modeling Consultants
- Financial Writers
- Fintech Consultants
- FP&A Managers
- Fractional CFOs
- Fundraising Consultants
- FX Consultants
- Growth Strategy Consultants
- Integrated Business Planning Consultants
- Interim CFOs
- Investment Managers
- Investment Thesis Consultants
- Investor Relations Consultants
- M&A Consultants
- Market Sizing Experts
- Pitch Deck Consultants
- Private Equity Consultants
- Procurement Consultants
- Profitability Analysis Experts
- Real Estate Experts
- Restructuring Consultants
- Risk Management Consultants
- Small Business Consultants
- Supply Chain Management Consultants
- Valuation Specialists
- Venture Capital Consultants
- Virtual CFOs
- Xero Experts
- View More Freelance Finance Experts
Join the Toptal® community.