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An In-depth Look at C++ vs. Java

Deciding on a language can be intimidating when you don’t have deep experience with the available options. This comparison explores the fundamental differences between C++ and Java, and what to consider when choosing between them.

11-minute readContinue Reading
Timothy Mensch

Timothy Mensch

Timothy is an experienced software architect who has created multiple game engines with C++, including one used in more than 100 titles. His extensive background in Java ranges from Android game and application development to industry experience at Amazon, building an Android client for the AWS AppStream service. He has used more than 20 programming languages in his career, several of which he custom created to meet a specific need.

Streamline Your Django Settings With Type Hints: A Pydantic Tutorial, Part 1

Python and pydantic make a powerful runtime combination when validating data and settings, resulting in reduced debugging and a simplified code base.

7-minute readContinue Reading
Arjaan Buijk

Arjaan Buijk

Arjaan is a senior engineer and data scientist who creates mission-critical cloud solutions focused on Rasa for international banks and insurance companies. He architects and teaches large-scale Kubernetes solutions.

PageSpeed Insights Best Practices: Acing Google’s Assessment

Page speed is an important ranking attribute for search engines, making performance optimization a prerequisite for successful sites. Here’s how Google PageSpeed Insights can help identify and rectify performance issues.

11-minute readContinue Reading
Timofey Bugaevsky

Timofey Bugaevsky

Timofey is a CTO and veteran full-stack engineer with over 18 years of experience developing new products and sustaining existing ones. He holds an Engineer’s Degree in Robotics and an MBA.

Working With TypeScript and Jest Support: An AWS SAM Tutorial

JavaScript boilerplate is easy enough to come by, but there’s a bit more to starting AWS SAM projects with TypeScript. Here’s how to create an AWS SAM TypeScript project from scratch with Jest support.

10-minute readContinue Reading
Mohammad Faisal

Mohammad Faisal

Mohammad is a full-stack developer who has architected several applications on AWS using Lambda, NoSQL, and Node.js. He has extensive experience in optimizing AWS infrastructure for midsized companies.

C# vs. C++: What’s at the Core?

C# and C++ share a similar syntax but cater to different requirements, so which should you focus on? This article examines each language’s features and weighs the pros and cons.

7-minute readContinue Reading
Jakiša Tomić

Jakiša Tomić

Jakiša is a veteran full-stack developer with more than 15 years of experience creating C# and C++ apps on multiple platforms. His portfolio includes work with the Windows API, embedded programming, distributed systems, mixed reality, and DevOps. Jakiša has a master’s degree in mathematics and computer science from the University of Zagreb.

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A Deeper Meaning: Topic Modeling in Python

Colloquial language doesn’t lend itself to computation. That’s where natural language processing steps in. Learn how topic modeling helps computers understand human speech.

8-minute readContinue Reading
Federico Albanese

Federico Albanese

Federico is a developer and data scientist who has worked at Facebook, where he made machine learning model predictions. He is a Python expert and a university lecturer. His PhD research pertains to graph machine learning.

Unity AI Development: A Finite-state Machine Tutorial

Ever wonder how game developers deliver entertaining interplay with the non-player characters they create? Learn how to develop them yourself in our finite-state machine tutorial.

13-minute readContinue Reading
Garegin Tadevosyan

Garegin Tadevosyan

Garegin is an accomplished Unity and C# game developer. He created a networking protocol for gamified playground equipment, served as the CTO of an educational gaming startup, and was a game developer on a multinational social-casino team.

TypeScript vs. JavaScript: Your Go-to Guide

Considering you can include as much plain JavaScript as you like in your TypeScript project, what factors should you consider when choosing TypeScript for your application? Let’s explore.

10-minute readContinue Reading
Daniele Monesi

Daniele Monesi

Daniele is a full-stack developer and cloud solution architect who has worked with many software environments, such as Java-based back ends, Angular- and React-based front ends, and serverless or hybrid cloud infrastructures.

Control Your Climate With This Raspberry Pi Thermostat Tutorial

Smart homes are the future, but what do you do if you have an old air conditioner or heater in your home? Replacing old devices isn’t always feasible, but you can automate them with a Raspberry Pi.

8-minute readContinue Reading
Ovidiu-Nicu Andrei

Ovidiu-Nicu Andrei

Ovidiu-Nicu is a full-stack developer with extensive experience in PHP, JavaScript, and Linux administration. He has developed a number of WordPress plug-ins, large-scale apps, and performance-optimized MySQL procedures.

Using Express.js Routes for Promise-based Error Handling

Maintainable Express.js code after scaling means making common code more feature-rich while reducing boilerplate. Find out how to enable promise-based route code and centralize both error handling and normal-results handling in Express.js apps.

8-minute readContinue Reading
Vitaly Senko

Vitaly Senko

Vitaly is a full-stack developer who has extensive experience in creating apps with Node.js, React, and .NET, including the maintenance of a healthcare platform with nearly 20 million users.

SSH Logging and Session Management Using AWS SSM

A comprehensive tutorial on how to log SSH activity—minus sensitive input, like passwords—occurring in Linux AWS EC2 instances to either CloudWatch Logs or S3 buckets.

11-minute readContinue Reading
Vimal Paliwal

Vimal Paliwal

A certified AWS expert with a master’s degree in computer security, Vimal specializes in automating the cloud with Terraform, Kubernetes, and Python.

Building a Node.js/TypeScript REST API, Part 3: MongoDB, Authentication, and Automated Tests

Our Express.js REST API series ends with a bang! Learn how to add a Dockerized MongoDB instance, Mongoose, JWT authentication, user permissions, and automated testing with Mocha, Chai, and SuperTest.

37-minute readContinue Reading
Marcos Henrique da Silva

Marcos Henrique da Silva

Marcos has 17+ years in IT and development. His passions include REST architecture, Agile development methodology, and JS.

Solving Bottlenecks With SQL Indexes and Partitions

Indexes and partitioning can help with SQL performance, but they’re not cure-alls. Through everyday examples of date range and LIKE queries, find out how to “think like an RDBMS” to make yours run faster.

14-minute readContinue Reading
Mirko Marović

Mirko Marović

Mirko designs and develops massive, extreme-workload databases. He also trains software developers on databases and SQL.

Linters Implemented by Ruby Libraries

When you hear the word “linter,” you probably think about particular widely used tools. But there’s a different kind of linters.

In this article, Toptal Back-end Architect Robert Pankowecki introduces you to linters implemented by Ruby libraries and details their capabilities.

8-minute readContinue Reading
Robert Pankowecki

Robert Pankowecki

Robert is a software architect who specializes in large, monolithic Rails applications. He has authored five books about Rails, React, and Domain-driven Design.

Reduce Boilerplate Code With Scala Macros and Quasiquotes

The concise syntax of Scala usually helps developers avoid writing boilerplate. When repetitive code is required anyway, developers can use macros and quasiquotes to keep code clean and maintainable. Here’s how.

6-minute readContinue Reading
Alain-Michel Chomnoue Nghemning

Alain-Michel Chomnoue Nghemning

As Chief Architect and Java expert for a remote work company, Alain has led software development teams to impact thousands of users’ work.

A Kubernetes Service Mesh Comparison

As microservices architecture continues to evolve, interservice communication has become a significant challenge to manage. Service meshes are becoming the standard solution, but how do popular and up-and-coming service meshes compare?

25-minute readContinue Reading
Guillaume Dury

Guillaume Dury

Guillaume is a DevOps engineer and developer whose Kubernetes and Docker expertise helped him launch two startups and start his own cloud consulting company in 2019. He was formerly a site reliability engineering manager at Duo Security (now part of Cisco), and holds a master’s degree in computer and telecommunications engineering from INSA Lyon.

Toptal Engineering Expert

Gabriel Courtemanche

Gabriel is a highly efficient and reliable professional who possesses a broad skill set for web application development. He's been working on a range of products and clients—from working on scalability problems in production engineering teams at Shopify and Autodesk to launching new applications for startups. Most of his work consists of leading technical teams, by creating an easy development environment, fixing technical debts, providing best practices code examples, and mentoring devs.
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