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Toptal Engineering Blog
The Toptal Engineering Blog is a hub for in-depth development tutorials and new technology announcements created by professional software engineers in the Toptal network.
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The Need for Speed: A Toptal JavaScript Coding Challenge Retrospective
Toptal’s JavaScript Speed Coding Challenge invited creative solutions from the beginning. As the week played out, competitors got closer and closer to the maximum theoretical score. Then something unexpected happened…

Eva Bojorges Rodriguez
Toptal’s Latin America Community leader, Eva specializes in AI and speaks at events worldwide about game theory and data science.
Stork, Part 2: Creating an Expression Parser
Would you rather develop a statically or dynamically typed programming language? How would you devise your expression parser?
In the second part of our Stork series, Toptal Full-stack Developer Jakisa Tomic outlines his preferred approach and demonstrates how you can create a functional expression parser.

Jakiša Tomić
Jakisa has 15+ years of experience developing various apps on multiple platforms. Most of his technical expertise is in C++ development.
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Stork: How to Make a Programming Language in C++
Did you ever consider creating your very own programming language, either as a result of necessity or professional curiosity?
In part one of our series, Toptal Full-stack Developer Jakisa Tomic takes the first steps toward creating a lightweight scripting language written in C++.

Jakiša Tomić
Jakisa has 15+ years of experience developing various apps on multiple platforms. Most of his technical expertise is in C++ development.
Do Your Homework: 7 AWS Certified Solutions Architect Exam Tips
Cloud architects with the AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate qualification are in high demand, with good reason—the AWS exam sets the bar high. What’s the best way to prepare for it?

Ross Bowman
As a Deloitte alumnus and AWS Certified Solutions Architect, Ross loves helping companies use innovative technologies to solve problems.
Timestamp Truncation: A Ruby on Rails ActiveRecord Tale
Tests should keep apps from being flaky. But tests themselves can become flaky—even the most straightforward ones. Here’s how we dove into a problematic test on a PostgreSQL-backed Rails app, and what we uncovered.

Maciek Rząsa
A knowledge-sharing advocate, engineer, and Scrum Master, Maciek’s into distributed systems, NLP, and writing software that matters.
Semi-supervised Image Classification With Unlabeled Data
Supervised learning is the key to computer vision and deep learning. However, what happens when you don’t have access to large, human-labeled datasets?
In this article, Toptal Computer Vision Developer Urwa Muaz demonstrates the potential of semi-supervised image classification using unlabeled datasets.

Urwa Muaz
Urwa is a Fulbright scholar and data science graduate from NYU. He loves leveraging machine learning to solve practical problems.
Stale-While-Revalidate Data Fetching With React Hooks: A Guide
Inspired by stale-while-revalidate cache control logic, modern sites implement stale-while-refresh logic on the UI side. Thankfully, React Hooks make this logic painlessly reusable across components.

Avi Aryan
Avi is a full-stack developer skilled with Python, JavaScript, and Go and is also a multiple-time Google Summer of Code participant.
Write Once, Deploy Everywhere: When to Go Native?
Writing multiple native applications for different mobile platforms can be a daunting task, but taking a non-native approach comes with pitfalls of its own.
In this article, Toptal Mobile Developer Joel Frank outlines the concept of Write Once, Deploy Everywhere (WODE) and explains how to choose the right development path for your project.

Joel Frank
Joel is a software engineer with 15+ years of experience. He brings application writing experience from Ipsy, Raytheon, and multiple independent ventures.
Language Server Protocol Tutorial: From VSCode to Vim
The main artifact of all your work is most likely plain text files. So why don’t you use Notepad to create them? Find out how the Language Server Protocol can transform text editors into code editors, without coupling.

Jeremy Greer
An active open source contributor, Jeremy specializes in advanced JavaScript. He believes in clean code, testing, and reading the manual.
Pay in, Pay out: How to Create a Marketplace
Shopping online is more convenient than ever, so how do you create an online marketplace tailored to cater to your specific needs?
In this article, Toptal JavaScript Developer Konrad Gadzinowski explores marketplace business models and payment methods for both regional and global services.

Konrad Gadzinowski
Konrad is a skilled software engineer who has delivered many web and mobile applications. He is a full-stack developer focusing on JavaScript.
Keep It Encrypted, Keep It Safe: Working with ESNI, DoH, and DoT
Internet privacy’s cutting-edge technology includes encrypted server name indication (ESNI) and encrypted DNS in the form of DNS over HTTPS (DoH). Find out what they are, why they exist, and how they work.

Brian Wojtczak
Brian was a system administrator and network engineer before turning to software development in an effort to automate himself out of a job.
MCMC Methods: Metropolis-Hastings and Bayesian Inference
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods let us compute samples from a distribution even though we can’t do this relying on traditional methods.
In this article, Toptal Data Scientist Divyanshu Kalra will introduce you to Bayesian methods and Metropolis-Hastings, demonstrating their potential in the field of probabilistic programming.

Divyanshu Kalra
Divyanshu is a data scientist and full-stack developer versed in various languages. He has published three research papers in this field.
WebVR Part 5: Design and Implementation
With all building blocks in place, it is time to wrap up our WebVR journey and demonstrate how everything is implemented.
In the last part of our WebVR series, Toptal Full-stack Developer Michael Cole goes over design and implementation in detail, explaining how the experience comes together.

Michael Cole
Michael is an expert full-stack web engineer, speaker, and consultant with over two decades of experience and a degree in computer science.
Oracle to SQL Server and SQL Server to Oracle Migration Guide - Pt. 3
Migrating in either direction between Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle Database? Code migration tools, public synonyms, and change management are important to keep in mind.

Leonid Draginsky
Leonid has 20+ years as a multi-platform developer and DBA, with special expertise in Oracle and SQL Server cross-platform migrations.
Maintain Control: A Guide to Webpack and React, Pt. 2
In a React/Webpack development scenario, there are myriad options to choose from. It’s worth exploring some advanced techniques when it comes to TypeScript, CSS, web workers, and service workers.

Michael Pontus
Michael is a senior full-stack developer specializing in front-end development with React and TypeScript.
WebVR Part 4: Canvas Data Visualizations
Unlock the mysteries of the canvas component for your own visualizations. We have completed the simulation math, and now it’s time for some creative play.
In Part 4 of our WebVR series, we use the canvas element to make three rapid iterations to visualize the gravitational orbits of the planets in our simulation.

Michael Cole
Michael is an expert full-stack web engineer, speaker, and consultant with over two decades of experience and a degree in computer science.
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