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Toptal Engineering Blog
The Toptal Engineering Blog is a hub for in-depth development tutorials and new technology announcements created by professional software engineers in the Toptal network.
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Client-side vs. Server-side vs. Pre-rendering for Web Apps
There’s no question that user experience is impacted by perceived load times. With today’s heavier front ends, client-side rendering doesn’t feel very fast. In this article, Toptal Freelance Front-end Developer Guillaume Breux compares client-side, server-side, and pre-rendering strategies to help you choose the best option for your own app.

Guillaume Breux
Guillaume’s degree in photography and graphic design experience give his front-end web development the striking edge of beautiful imagery.
Angular 6 Tutorial: New Features with New Power
Angular 6 is out! The most outstanding changes are in its CLI and how services get injected. In this tutorial, Toptal Freelance Angular Developer Joaquin Cid goes over the basic steps of initial setup and then creates a small diary app using Material Design for the front end and Firebase for the back end.

Joaquin Cid
Joaquin is a full-stack and hybrid mobile app developer with over 12 years of experience working for companies like WebMD and Getty Images.
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The Economic Benefits of Artificial Intelligence
Will AI improve our lives beyond comparison, or will it steal our jobs and destroy humanity?
In this article, Toptal AI expert Necati Demir, PhD, moves past the evil artificial intelligence of science fiction to discuss the current algorithm-based prediction AI, the economics of AI, and the economic benefits of artificial intelligence.

Necati Demir, PhD
Necati holds a PhD in machine learning and has 14 years of experience in software development.
The Ultimate ENS and ĐApp Tutorial
The Ethereum Name Service is a blockchain-backed alternative to the internet’s traditional Domain Name System. If you own a .eth domain, you can deploy smart contracts that let users set up their own subdomains—but then, of course, you’ll want a corresponding ĐApp to make it user-friendly. In this tutorial, Toptal Freelance Ethereum Developer Radek Ostrowski provides complete coverage of this scenario, this time with a focus on ĐApp development.

Radek Ostrowski
Radek is a blockchain engineer who specializes in Ethereum, smart contracts, and ĐApp development. At IBM, he was a triple winner in two international Apache Spark competitions, and he later co-created the back end for PlayStation 4. Radek has also led big data and machine learning projects, competed in global hackathons, and spoken at developer conferences across the globe.
Overview of Popular Static Site Generators
Static websites offer a host of advantages over dynamic pages in many scenarios, but they can be impractical and tedious to maintain.
In this, Toptal Front-end Developer Silvestar Bistrovic demonstrates how the four most popular static page generators can help.

Silvestar Bistrović
Silvestar is a fearless web developer, JAMstack enthusiast, and WordPress coder. His focus is performance and pixel-perfect implementation.
Cordova Frameworks: Ionic vs. Framework7
Hybrid mobile apps may have their limitations, but often it’s well worth the boost in cross-platform consistency and development speed. Apps made with Apache Cordova in particular can further leverage existing web developer skills through the use of Cordova frameworks. This tutorial compares Ionic with Framework7.

Alexander Zinchuk
Alex’s decade-plus of JS coding has taught him the language’s internals. He’s lead a dev team for Yandex and built fault-tolerant systems.
Schooling Flappy Bird: A Reinforcement Learning Tutorial
Leveraging DeepMind’s breakthrough AI approaches takes some work, but the results are astounding. In this article, Toptal Freelance Deep Learning Engineer Neven Pičuljan guides us through the building blocks of reinforcement learning, training a neural network to play Flappy Bird using the PyTorch framework.

Neven Pičuljan
Co-founder of Poze and CEO of an AI R&D/consulting company, Neven has an MCS degree and has built a face-recognition system in TensorFlow.
iOS Continuous Integration with Xcode Server Explained
Continuous integration using nothing but Apple tools used to be tedious and time-consuming. This changed with the launch of Xcode 9.0 last September.
In this article, Toptal iOS Developer Nemanja Stosic explains how you can harness the potential of new Xcode features to streamline iOS development.

Nemanja Stošić
Having worked for Novomatic and Microsoft, Nemanja is no stranger to Agile/Scrum. His main expertise includes Java, Swift, C#, and C++.
Dive into React Native for Android Development
Despite initial skepticism, React Native is very much in demand today!
In this article, Toptal Freelance React Native Developer, and former React Native skeptic, Alexander Pataridze talks about why he became a React Native advocate instead and introduces us to the technology by illustrating four use-cases.

Alexander Pataridze
Alex is a senior mobile developer with years of experience in Android and iOS. He created mobile banking suites and apps for several banks.
Developing a Bioinformatics Database for Disulfide Bonds Research
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) bioinformatics database is the world’s largest repository of experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. All data is gathered using experimental methods such as X-ray, spectroscopy, crystallography, NMR, etc. This article explains how to extract, filter, and clean data from the PDB to make it suitable for further analysis.

Viktor Bojović
With a diverse background in science and teaching and his software engineer experience, Victor is a passionate programmer with many talents.
Exploring SMACSS: Scalable and Modular Architecture for CSS
CSS is notorious for getting messy quickly as a website scales. While frameworks like Bootstrap can help, SMACSS takes a different approach, as a set of solid organizational guidelines. In this article, Toptal Freelance Front-end Developer Slobodan Gajic gives us a run-down of the idea and benefits behind Jonathan Snook’s architectural wisdom.

Slobodan Gajic
Slobodan’s development career began alongside his BSc in IT and has lately crossed into eSports. HTML5/CSS3/JS and Angular are his mainstay.
Python Machine Learning Prediction With a Flask REST API
Employing Python to make machine learning predictions can be a daunting task, especially if your goal is to create a real-time solution. However, Tensorflow and Scikit-Learn can significantly speed up implementation.
In this article, Toptal Python Developer Guillaume Ferry outlines a simple architecture that should help you progress from a basic proof of concept to a minimal viable product without much hassle.

Guillaume Ferry
Guillaume is a Kaggle expert specialized in ML and AI. He’s experienced in tackling large projects and exploring new solutions for scaling.
Exploring the Business Benefits of SharePoint
Many businesses use SharePoint but use it poorly. Restructuring and re-education are the keys to getting the most out of SharePoint. In this article, Toptal Freelance SharePoint Developer Anthony Lucidi explores how features like metadata tags, SharePoint workflows, and PowerApps can make a world of difference.

Anthony Lucidi
Anthony is a driven, accomplished, and seasoned professional, successful in translating client needs into technical requirements.
Web Scraping with a Headless Browser: A Puppeteer Tutorial
In this article, Toptal Freelance JavaScript Developer Nick Chikovani shows how easy it is to perform web scraping using a headless browser. Specifically, he provides a Puppeteer tutorial, going through a few examples of how to control Google Chrome to take screenshots and gather structured data.

Nick Chikovani
With more than six years of experience working as a developer and team lead, Nick has a passion for robust, scalable and clean code design.
How to Approach Machine Learning Problems
How do you approach machine learning problems? Are neural networks the answer to nearly every challenge you may encounter?
In this article, Toptal Freelance Python Developer Peter Hussami explains the basic approach to machine learning problems and points out where neural may fall short.

Peter Hussami
Peter’s rare math-modeling expertise includes audio and sensor analysis, ID verification, NPL, scheduling, routing, and credit scoring.
Hot Module Replacement in Redux
Hot module replacement is one of the most useful features offered by Webpack. It allows all kinds of modules, including JSON, CSS, and JS files, to be updated at runtime without needing a full refresh.
In this article, Toptal Freelance JavaScript Developer Shaojiang Cai demonstrates how to use Hot Module Replacement in Redux.

Shaojiang Cai
Shaojiang is a veteran front-end developer, skilled in JavaScript technologies. He’s also a GitHub developer and StackOverflow reviewer.
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An Angular 5 Tutorial: Step by Step Guide to Your First Angular 5 App
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