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Toptal Engineering Blog
The Toptal Engineering Blog is a hub for in-depth development tutorials and new technology announcements created by professional software engineers in the Toptal network.
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ERC20 Token Tutorial
The humble ERC20 token specification has become the de facto standard for Ethereum tokens. If you come across an Ethereum smart contract, chances are it’s ERC20-compliant.
In this guide, Toptal Freelance Ethereum Developer Gilad Haimov demonstrates how you can create and deploy your own ERC20 token in under an hour.

Gilad Haimov
Gilad has 19+ years of Android experience in developing mobile, server-side, and communication systems.
5 Things You Have Never Done With a REST Specification
The existence of RESTful APIs is a popular myth in web development—but it’s a myth we can work with. The right tools can help keep documentation consistent and streamline automated testing. In this article, Toptal Freelance JavaScript Developer Alexander Zinchuk explores several time-saving approaches to developing REST APIs, with examples in Node.js and Ruby on Rails.

Alexander Zinchuk
Alex’s decade-plus of JS coding has taught him the language’s internals. He’s lead a dev team for Yandex and built fault-tolerant systems.
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Hold the Framework: Exploring Dependency Injection Patterns
There are two dominant patterns of implementation for inversion of control. Which one is better, and is there a middle path to be found between them? How should you approach IoC to get the most out of your code?
Join Toptal Java Developer Martin Coll in exploring the familiar and unknown landscape of IoC development.

Martin Coll
Martin is an all-around full-stack developer with years of experience in a wide range of technologies including Java, C#, Python and others.
Four Pitfalls of Sentiment Analysis Accuracy
Manually gathering information about user-generated data is time-consuming, to say the least. That’s why more organizations are turning to automatic sentiment analysis methods—but basic models don’t always cut it. In this article, Toptal Freelance Data Scientist Rudolf Eremyan gives an overview of some sentiment analysis gotchas and what can be done to address them.

Rudolf Eremyan
Rudolf has years of experience in NLP and machine learning. His AI-based tools are used by Georgia’s largest companies, such as TBC Bank.
How to Build a Raspberry Pi Server for Development
The Raspberry Pi is a little computer that you can get for as low as USD $5 and on which you can run many different types of software and build many different projects. In this article, I’m going to guide you through the process of setting it up as a home development server and deploying a full-stack JavaScript application that you can access from outside your network. This is great for setting up your own remote digital workspace, or simply to have control over the hardware you use for development.

Pablo Villoslada Puigcerber
Pablo’s BSCE means he’s had top coding standards while crafting numerous front ends. He’s also a MongoDB Certified Dev and Toptal Mentor.
YouTube API Integration: Uploading Videos with Django
Uploading a video to YouTube seems like a simple enough task, but non-existent documentation and unmaintained libraries can make even the simplest of tasks seem daunting.
In this post, Toptal Freelance Django Developer Ivan Carmo da Rocha Neto guides you through how to post YouTube videos from your Django app.

Ivan Neto
Ivan is an engineer with eight years of experience in software and web development.
Unearthing ClojureScript for Front-end Development
ClojureScript and its multiparadigm approach (with an emphasis on functional programming) may sound esoteric to some front-end developers. But it’s amazing to work with, and getting started with it is far simpler than one might imagine. In this tutorial, Toptal Freelance Clojure Developer Luke Tomlin shows off some key features, getting straight into a React demo using Reagent and the Hiccup syntax.

Luke Tomlin
With a Master’s in CS and mathematics, Luke specializes in functional programming. A Google internship launched his powerhouse dev career.
What Is Kubernetes? A Guide to Containerization and Deployment
Moving to a microservices architecture often raises the question: What is the best environment to stabilize services? Here’s how and why you should use Kubernetes, Docker, and CircleCI to containerize and deploy apps.

Dmitriy Kononov
Dmitriy is a software engineer with 12 years of experience in web development and DevOps. He specializes in cloud services, DevOps, and Kubernetes, focusing on infrastructure cost reduction and high-volume instance management. Dmitriy has a master’s degree in computer science from Kyrgyz State Technical University.
Angular 6 Tutorial: New Features with New Power
Angular 6 is out! The most outstanding changes are in its CLI and how services get injected. In this tutorial, Toptal Freelance Angular Developer Joaquin Cid goes over the basic steps of initial setup and then creates a small diary app using Material Design for the front end and Firebase for the back end.

Joaquin Cid
Joaquin is a full-stack and hybrid mobile app developer with over 12 years of experience working for companies like WebMD and Getty Images.
The Economic Benefits of Artificial Intelligence
Will AI improve our lives beyond comparison, or will it steal our jobs and destroy humanity?
In this article, Toptal AI expert Necati Demir, PhD, moves past the evil artificial intelligence of science fiction to discuss the current algorithm-based prediction AI, the economics of AI, and the economic benefits of artificial intelligence.

Necati Demir, PhD
Necati holds a PhD in machine learning and has 14 years of experience in software development.
The Ultimate ENS and ĐApp Tutorial
The Ethereum Name Service is a blockchain-backed alternative to the internet’s traditional Domain Name System. If you own a .eth domain, you can deploy smart contracts that let users set up their own subdomains—but then, of course, you’ll want a corresponding ĐApp to make it user-friendly. In this tutorial, Toptal Freelance Ethereum Developer Radek Ostrowski provides complete coverage of this scenario, this time with a focus on ĐApp development.

Radek Ostrowski
Radek is a blockchain engineer who specializes in Ethereum, smart contracts, and ĐApp development. At IBM, he was a triple winner in two international Apache Spark competitions, and he later co-created the back end for PlayStation 4. Radek has also led big data and machine learning projects, competed in global hackathons, and spoken at developer conferences across the globe.
Overview of Popular Static Site Generators
Static websites offer a host of advantages over dynamic pages in many scenarios, but they can be impractical and tedious to maintain.
In this, Toptal Front-end Developer Silvestar Bistrovic demonstrates how the four most popular static page generators can help.

Silvestar Bistrović
Silvestar is a fearless web developer, JAMstack enthusiast, and WordPress coder. His focus is performance and pixel-perfect implementation.
Cordova Frameworks: Ionic vs. Framework7
Hybrid mobile apps may have their limitations, but often it’s well worth the boost in cross-platform consistency and development speed. Apps made with Apache Cordova in particular can further leverage existing web developer skills through the use of Cordova frameworks. This tutorial compares Ionic with Framework7.

Alexander Zinchuk
Alex’s decade-plus of JS coding has taught him the language’s internals. He’s lead a dev team for Yandex and built fault-tolerant systems.
Schooling Flappy Bird: A Reinforcement Learning Tutorial
Leveraging DeepMind’s breakthrough AI approaches takes some work, but the results are astounding. In this article, Toptal Freelance Deep Learning Engineer Neven Pičuljan guides us through the building blocks of reinforcement learning, training a neural network to play Flappy Bird using the PyTorch framework.

Neven Pičuljan
Co-founder of Poze and CEO of an AI R&D/consulting company, Neven has an MCS degree and has built a face-recognition system in TensorFlow.
iOS Continuous Integration with Xcode Server Explained
Continuous integration using nothing but Apple tools used to be tedious and time-consuming. This changed with the launch of Xcode 9.0 last September.
In this article, Toptal iOS Developer Nemanja Stosic explains how you can harness the potential of new Xcode features to streamline iOS development.

Nemanja Stošić
Having worked for Novomatic and Microsoft, Nemanja is no stranger to Agile/Scrum. His main expertise includes Java, Swift, C#, and C++.
Dive Into React Native for Android Development
Despite initial skepticism, React Native is very much in demand today!
In this article, Toptal Freelance React Native Developer, and former React Native skeptic, Alexander Pataridze talks about why he became a React Native advocate instead and introduces us to the technology by illustrating four use-cases.

Alexander Pataridze
Alex is a senior mobile developer with years of experience in Android and iOS. He created mobile banking suites and apps for several banks.
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An Angular 5 Tutorial: Step by Step Guide to Your First Angular 5 App
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