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The Toptal Blog is the top hub for developers, designers, management consultants, executives, and entrepreneurs, featuring key technology updates, tutorials, freelancer resources, and management insights.

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Toptal core team members share their experience, expertise, and perspectives on the Toptal Edge Blog

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Web Accessibility: Why W3C Standards Are Often Ignored

The goal of this article is to introduce you to the underlying principles of accessibility and help you flawlessly implement web accessibility guidelines and standards on your next project. Even minor improvements can help your content rank better, reach more people, and improve the overall user experience.

13-minute readContinue Reading
Cezary Tomczyk

Cezary Tomczyk

Cezary’s two decades as a software engineer and project manager have seen him working at Apple, Microsoft, Nokia, and Oracle, among others.

Maximum Flow and the Linear Assignment Problem

The Hungarian graph algorithm solves the linear assignment problem in polynomial time. By modeling resources (e.g., contractors and available contracts) as a graph, the Hungarian algorithm can be used to efficiently determine an optimum way of allocating resources.

39-minute readContinue Reading
Dmitri Ivanovich Arkhipov

Dmitri Ivanovich Arkhipov

Dmitri has a PhD in computer science from UC Irvine and works primarily in UNIX/Linux ecosystems. He specializes in Python and Java.

Getting Started With the SRVB Cryptosystem

This article will give you an introduction to the principles behind public-key cryptosystems and introduce you to the Santana Rocha-Villas Boas (SRVB) cryptosystem, developed by the author of the article and prof. Daniel Santana Rocha. The algorithm authors are making a campaign that includes a financial reward to anyone who manages to crack the code.

27-minute readContinue Reading
Yuri da Silva Villas Boas

Yuri da Silva Villas Boas

Yuri has experience in C++ and a good background in mathematics, statistics, and physics. He developed the SRVB cryptosystems.

Guide to Spring Boot REST API Error Handling

Spring Boot provides beneficial error messages to engineers building REST APIs. Yet, those messages are useless for the general API consumer. We provide a simple approach to improving this functionality.

8-minute readContinue Reading
Bruno Leite

Bruno Leite

Bruno is a full-stack application architect and developer with more than 10 years of experience and a solid problem-solving track record.

Orchestrating a Background Job Workflow in Celery for Python

In this article, I will try to give you a good understanding of which scenarios could be covered by Celery. Not only will you see interesting examples, but will also learn how to apply Celery with real world tasks such as background mailing, report generation, logging and error reporting. I will share my own way of testing tasks beyond emulation and explain a few tricks that go beyond the official documentation and took me hours of research to discover myself.

15-minute readContinue Reading
Rustem Kamun

Rustem Kamun

Rustem is a back-end dev with expertise in Python and Java stacks. He’s even implemented a scalable M2M cloud platform for vehicle data.

Should We Rethink the Use of EBITDA?

EBITDA is one of the most common metrics in finance. However, while intended to provide a “cleaner” picture of operating performance than net income, in reality it often achieves the opposite effect. It is also in many cases a questionable proxy for cash flow, as well as a dubious valuation tool.

21-minute readContinue Reading
Puneet Gandhi

Puneet Gandhi

Puneet has a decade of experience across investment banking (Goldman Sachs), equity research (hedge fund, $1bn AUM), and corporate finance.

How to Create Nested Symbols in Sketch

Sketch is not a complex tool, but it’s array of features can save you a lot of time – especially Symbols. In this tutorial, learn how to nest symbols in Sketch.

< 5-minute readContinue Reading
Wojciech Dobry

Wojciech Dobry

Wojciech is a product designer and web designer with 8 years of experience. He’s passionate about typography and sound design.

The Ultimate List of 50 of the Best Sketch Plugins

Designers love Sketch for its simplicity. They love it thanks to its plugins, which add numerous features. Here are 50 of the very best plugins for Sketch.

8-minute readContinue Reading
Wojciech Dobry

Wojciech Dobry

Wojciech is a product designer and web designer with 8 years of experience. He’s passionate about typography and sound design.

Why Investors Are Irrational, According to Behavioral Finance

Though traditional economic theory posits that individuals are rational, we all know this to be an oversimplification of the truth. The cyclical investment process is rife with psychological pitfalls. Only by becoming aware of and actively avoiding innate behavioral biases can investors reach impartial decisions. Herein lies the true value of the emerging field of behavioral finance, which sheds light on investor psychology and true financial behavior.

15-minute readContinue Reading
Melissa Lin

Melissa Lin

Melissa has worked in ECM, tech startups, and management consulting, advising Fortune 500 companies across multiple sectors.

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