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Robo-advisor Industry Portfolio Risk: Efficiency or Corner-cutting?
Robo-advisor investing uses algorithms (instead of humans) for portfolio selection and rebalancing. Its affordable ways have opened up wealth management options to the masses, but its means of quantifying risk need more sophistication and tailoring to individual circumstances.

Ishwinder Singh, CFA
Ishwinder is an investment banking and private equity professional with 12 years of experience working on international projects.
React Test-driven Development: From User Stories to Production
Employing a test-driven development (TDD) approach in React projects tends to be straightforward, especially with the aid of Jest and Enzyme. However, there are a few things to look out for.
In this article, a Toptal JavaScript expert demonstrates his React TDD process, from epics and user stories to development and production.
Toptal Talent Network Experts
Design Constraints Are Not Restraints, They Stoke Creativity
Design constraints are clues. They help designers triangulate between the problems, resources, and criteria inherent in every project and prevent precious time wasted on extraneous design ideas.

Micah Bowers
Micah helps businesses craft meaningful engagement through branding, illustration, and design.
A Complete Guide to Testing React Hooks
A relatively recent addition to React, hooks have already changed React development for the better through improved code readability and state management. But how do we test them?
In this article, Toptal React Developer Avi Aryan outlines why it is crucial to test hooks and introduces us to his React Hooks testing routine.

Avi Aryan
Avi is a full-stack engineer with expertise in JavaScript, Python, and Go. He is a multiple-time Google Summer of Code mentor and specializes in React development, modern web applications, and contributing to open-source projects.
Financial Modeling Case Study: OOVA
Amy Divaraniya, CEO and co-founder of OOVA, created a product she knew the market needed. Yet, while she was pitching investors trying to close her seed round, she found that the financial projections needed a fresh pair of eyes.

Elizabeth J. Howell Hanano, CFA
Elizabeth was an equity research analyst on both the buyside and sellside before transitioning to freelancing where she specializes in market research and valuation.
Remote Brand Strategy Workshops: The Ultimate Step-by-Step Guide
Brand strategy workshops align stakeholders and set the tone for the work that follows. Better still, they produce brands that go beyond aesthetic appeal to achieve business goals.

Charlie Osborne
Charlie is a marketing expert, brand consultant, and digital designer with more than a decade of industry experience in business strategy, graphic design, branding, animation, and digital marketing. His approach to branding is guided by evidence-based thinking and an effective, proven process.
Building the Next Big Thing: A Guide to Business Idea Development
Business idea development for new venture concepts is a mixture of art and science. There are playbooks to follow that ensure ideas are validated objectively to ensure financial and opportunity cost risks are minimized.

Brendan Fitzgerald
Brendan has raised more than $700 million and built strategic relationships with numerous Fortune 500 companies to help grow businesses.
Terraform vs. CloudFormation: The Definitive Guide
Choosing between infrastructure-as-code tools CloudFormation and Terraform can be arduous. It’s helpful to have some advice from someone with practical experience scaling apps using both technologies.

Fabrice Triboix
Fabrice is an AWS-certified cloud architect and developer with 20+ years of experience with Topps, Cisco, Samsung, Alcatel, and other top companies.
Launching a Spring Boot Application Programmatically
Starting a Spring Boot application in the command line is as simple as it gets. But what if we want to run our application from another Java program?
In this article, Toptal Java Developer Igor Delac demonstrates how you can start a Spring Boot app programmatically using just a few lines of code.

Igor Delac
Igor is an enthusiastic and skilled professional with extensive experience in Java development, system administration, and more.
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The History of Remote Work, 1560-Present (with Infographic) (Updated)
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